Value of Data
What is the value of data?
Data is a vital economic asset in the digital economy. It generates value for consumers and producers by enabling improved products, services, and decision-making.
A central focus of this research is to empirically measure the value created by data, how that value is allocated across economic actors, and how data-enabled technologies affect market performance and welfare.
This work evaluates digital-enabled consumer surplus, examines how firms’ performance and productivity depend on data-driven decision-making and AI adoption , and studies how data and AI interact with management practices and organizational design to shape inequality, market structure, and long-run growth.
Effects of AI, Data-Driven Decision Making and Management Practices on Inequality and Firm Performance
Accelerating advances in information technology capabilities and machine learning applications have led to burgeoning interest and concern with what this means for the future of production and work in the US economy. With permission of the US Census, the investigators now have an opportunity to include a set of new questions relating to machine learning and artificial intelligence, further details of data-driven decision making, and new dimensions of the management practices governing how work is organized in an increasingly digital age.
By including a new wave of questions concerning “core” management and organizational practices (relating to the distribution of power within the enterprise), the investigators can collect longitudinal/panel data on these practices. This will make possible deeper and more rigorous analyses of the causal relationships among technology, management practices, corporate performance, inequality, growth and other metrics of interest.
A key advantage of the Census data is its broad coverage and representativeness, which enables systematic analysis of private sector, markets, and inequality at scale.
Complementing these Census-based efforts, the Lab also leverages large-scale job postings, LinkedIn profiles, and proprietary employment and wage data to study how data, AI, and management practices jointly shape firm performance, market structure, inequality, and long-run growth.
Measuring, Predicting, and Assessing the Diffusion of Data-Driven Decision-Making
Researchers at S-DEL have valuable access not only to US Census Data, but also the ability to add questions to the Management and Organizational Practices (MOPS) survey, which includes 50,000 manufacturers in the US, and other related surveys. These surveys are conducted periodically; we are currently in the midst of the 2021 MOPS effort. Research based on this data will help us understand the diffusion of new technologies (AI/ML, Automation/Robotics), changing business practices to enable these technologies, and the impact on workers.
More info on our US Census Data work
Featured Researchers
Wang Jin is an Associate Professor of Management Science at Chapman University and a Digital Fellow at the Stanford Digital Economy Lab. His research spans the Economics of Digitization, IT Productivity, Organizational Design, and the Future of Work. Using large-scale administrative, platform, and regulatory datasets, he examines how digital technologies—including cloud computing, machine learning, AI adoption, and modern data infrastructure—reshape firm performance, organizational structure, innovation, and labor-market dynamics. His work focuses on the microeconomics of digital transformation, particularly how data-centric technologies alter coordination costs, managerial practices, and productivity. His work has appeared in leading outlets such as Management Science, MIS Quarterly, and Harvard Business Review. He leads and contributes to multiple projects using confidential U.S. Census microdata (Title 13 & 26) and collaborates with industry partners on cloud transformation, digital architecture, and GenAI deployment.
Before joining Chapman, Jin served as a Research Scientist at the Stanford Digital Economy Lab, a Research Associate at the MIT Initiative on the Digital Economy and MIT Sloan, and a Research Fellow at Harvard’s Institute for Quantitative Social Science. He holds a PhD in Economics from Clark University.
Read moreErik Brynjolfsson is one of the world’s leading experts on the economics of technology and artificial intelligence. He is the Jerry Yang and Akiko Yamazaki Professor and Senior Fellow at the Stanford Institute for Human-Centered AI (HAI), and Director of the Stanford Digital Economy Lab. He also is the Ralph Landau Senior Fellow at the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR), Professor by Courtesy at the Stanford Graduate School of Business and Stanford Department of Economics, and a Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER).
One of the most-cited authors on the economics of information, Brynjolfsson was among the first researchers to measure productivity contributions of IT and the complementary role of organizational capital and other intangibles.
Read moreGeorgios’ research focuses on the implications of digital technologies on innovation, competition policy, and labor markets.
He is currently studying the regulation of digital platforms and the relationship between big data and market competition. His research also focuses on how the adoption of robots and information technologies affect labor markets and firms’ market returns.
Read moreXiupeng Wang’s primary research interest is labor economics with a focus on the relationship between technology advances and labor market dynamics.
His other interests include public policy, industrial organization, macroeconomics, and the economics of science and engineering.
Prior to earning his PhD, Xiupeng earned a Master of Science in physics from New Jersey Institute of Technology.
Read moreKristina McElheran is an Associate Professor at the University of Toronto, where she researches how digital technologies shape firms, their performance, and the future of work. After six years on the Harvard Business School faculty, she joined the University of Toronto in 2014. Her research spans the rise of the commercial internet through the rise of cloud computing and AI-related technologies, with a focus on productivity, entrepreneurship, and worker-level impacts. Her research has appeared in Management Science, the Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, the Journal of Econometrics, the American Economic Review Papers & Proceedings, Harvard Business Review, Sloan Management Review, Communications of the ACM, The Economist, and other leading outlets in the U.S. and Canada. She is a Faculty Fellow at the Schwartz Reisman Institute for Technology and Society, which serves as a research and solutions hub at the University of Toronto dedicated to deepening understanding of technologies, societies, and what it means to be human. She is also a Digital Fellow at the MIT Initiative on the Digital Economy and a Fellow at the Technology and Policy Research Initiative at Boston University.
Read moreI am an assistant professor of Management Information Systems at the UBC Sauder School of Business, a digital fellow at Stanford University Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence Digital Economy Lab and a visiting fellow at NYU Stern Center for the Future of Management.
My research stands at the nexus of the economics of information technology, focusing on AI and robots, technical skills and future of work, and organizational changes. I also study how uncertainty shocks and competition affect firm investment, innovation, and hiring decisions.
I received my Ph.D. in Business Administration from Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan. I hold a BA in Math and Economics from the University of Michigan and an MA in Economics from Duke University.
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